Experience In Giving Oral Care

Involvement with Giving Oral Care Reflection is the way toward looking into an involvement with request to portray investigate, assess thus educate finding out about training (Reid 1993).This exposition will consider the significance of; and the experience I picked up while giving oral consideration on an understudy position recreation utilizing an intelligent model. Jamieson et al (2002) accept mouth care is the utilization of a toothbrush and glue to assist patients with recuperating and diminish danger of contaminations, impart better, eat all the more effectively and look after pride. However, it is likewise a job which time after time appointed to human services aides. I picked this region to feature its need and the extent of chances in learning it has given in improving my aptitudes by and by. There are various models of reflection one of which is Gibbs (1988). On this event, Gibbs model will be utilized as a structure in directing me, since it centers around various parts of an encounter and sentiments, and misusing it completely will be progressively valued. Depiction I was a piece of an arrangement recreation bunch which went to the multi-abilities research center to rehearse mouth wash. I was appointed an associate to brush his teeth utilizing a toothbrush and glue. I put on gloves in order to forestall tainting with body liquid. Looking for his assent, I embraced a briefâ visual evaluation ofâ the wellbeing status of his mouth. I at that point put him in an agreeable position in order to endure the wash. From that point, I cleaned all-round the mouth, gums and tongue. I polished off with mouthwash. I treatedâ my accomplice just as he was genuinely unfit to hold the brush himselfâ to clean his own teeth, however he had the option to speak with me and had the option to help me regarding spitting and swishing with water toward the finish of the system. Emotions My prompt concern was I had not brushed anyones teeth outside of my family previously and subsequently, how my accomplice will carry on (Dowling, 2006). Albeit alert and honorable, I felt in giving mouth care, both the carer and patient are placed into a condition of vulnerability, humiliation, insufficiency and a feeling of rudeness to their security (Lewis, 2006; Sturdy, 2007). I got vulnerable with his outward appearance demonstrated no trust in me. Rungapadiachy (1999) characterizes trust as being straightforward, open, true, supporting and reliable, real, warm and tolerating. Our response put us on the high score size of Millon (1994), Hesitating (Reticent) example of conduct. Notwithstanding my interests, I felt agreeable in finishing the undertaking. Assessment Considering or in real life is turning into an extraordinary learning instrument This experience instructed me that, oral consideration gives any attendant a perfect chance to attempt an intensive physical, enthusiastic and subjective evaluation of a patient (DOH, 2001). I was satisfied to find that, no wounds were supported as I checked mouth earlier and after. Additionally, I was satisfied my relational abilities improved and the restorative relationship developed; and with the information I got from supporting writing shaped the establishment of my learning and practice. Burnard (2002) recommends that a student is an aloof beneficiary of got information, and that learning through action connects the entirety of our faculties. From his criticism, I comprehended input is a significant learning apparatus. One essential point to originate from some ongoing exploration (Burke, 2009) is that numerous understudies don't have a clue how to utilize criticism the same number of have never been instructed how to do as such. Be that as it may, the experience features the mind boggling issues I need to understand by and by and the arrangement of care needs to patients for whom I might not have had contact with previously. In spite of the fact that this errand caused me inconvenience and included weight for the time being, I understand that it was a noteworthy occasion in my examinations. Examination WHO (2010) portrays a sound mouth as being liberated from ceaseless mouth and facial agony; and helping patients/administration clients to meet their cleanliness needs is a key part of nursing care (Essence of Care, 2003). In 2007, half UK grown-ups went to a NHS dental specialist. More seasoned individuals in private homes were in danger of disease, with contamination recognized in 80% of one investigation populace (Holman et al, 2005). The consideration of a patients mouth shapes a significant segment of helping cleanliness needs but then is a part of training which isn't constantly managed the consideration it completely merits (Evans, 2001).It is presently evident that, mouth care is significant and that, medical caretakers have a job in surveying and looking after it (Malkin, 2009). The undertaking distinguished urging individuals to recognize their instinctive limit encourages them to value their qualities and shortcomings (SWOT). Jasper (2003) sees SWOT investigation as becoming more acquainted with ones self. The comprehension of our aptitudes and capacities and the consciousness of where our cutoff points lie is viewed as essential to having the option to go about as an expert professional. My certainty developed and got increasingly intrigued, urging him to do as much as possible. Jackson and Mannix (2001) note that measure of premium the medical attendant shows in the adapting needs of the understudy and the key job the individual in question plays in their accomplishment are fundamental to the understudies improvement. End I feel that the entire procedure went on easily. Thinking about a patient requires a relationship and compassion. By creating collective relationship with patients, I can give instant and centered mediations which can restrict sickness. Regardless, it has brought issues to light the impacts of others on my training. Activity Plan Right now, I read a greater number of books a day than training. My point is to be proactive later on by quickly opening up through complete investment and accomplishing more practices on normal premise. I expect to build up the aptitude of passionate flexibility to have the option to convey and get any consideration or learning movement by keeping journals of occasions and thinking about them. End My conviction currently is brushing teeth slackens and expels garbage caught in the spaces and forestalls the development of plaque which habours microscopic organisms and that; medical attendants have a task to carry out in mouth care. Because of my absence of involvement with care and the activity title of understudy nurture, I saw that most meetings would run in a talk design. I presently accept down to earth aptitudes advancement utilizing reflection is as significant as talk educational cost despite the fact that, Quinn (2000) accepts most understudies and numerous experts note that taking in gained from arrangement experience is substantially more important and applicable than that procured in the talk room. The way toward learning I experienced is more perplexing than Gibbs recommends. It isn't as repeating as this model suggests and I wound up bouncing or joining a few phases, before returning. Be that as it may, it has removed me from my usual range of familiarity, testing my reasoning.

Different types of tourism destinations

Various kinds of the travel industry goals Presentation This report is going to take a gander at the key intrigue variables of France, USA, Spain and China. It will distinguish various kinds of the travel industry goals and take a gander at appearances insights to these nations. As indicated by UNWTO (2008) in the Worlds Top Tourism Destinations 2008 initial four places by worldwide the travel industry appearances were involved by France, Spain, USA and China. Most importantly this report will distinguish the significance of movement goal and visitor goal. A movement goal is the end purpose of the excursion (Marvell and Hayward 2005). Individuals travel to a goal for an assortment of reasons, including occasions, business and visiting companions and family members. A vacationer goal joins travel with offices and attractions that intrigue to voyagers (Marvell and Hayward 2005). There are a wide range of sorts of visitor goals; anyway this report will talk about beach front, urban and rustic the travel industry and give instances of spots that intrigue to the goal. Primary part Beach front the travel industry Beach front goal for the most part connected with the picture of shoreline resort. Holloway (2006) pointed that it is the most famous intrigue of a goal. The engaging quality of the ocean side retreat is the mix of sun, ocean and sand. Page et al. (2001) expressed that it stays one of the most noteworthy sorts of occasion on the planet. The Spanish Costas are found along the southern coastline, on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea. Spain has many hotel zones: Costa Blanca, Costa Almeria and Costa del Sol. While a portion of the Costa names may not be recognizable, the hotel of Benidorm is notable. Benidorm is the most well known hotel in the Costa Blanca. As per Dale et al. (2006) resort draws in roughly 5,000,000 guests every year. Voyagers are pulled in by its wide sandy sea shores and warm atmosphere with normal summer temperature around 30oC. The sea shores are delicately slanting and the water is warm and clear, making the ocean alright for grown-ups and youngsters. Behind the sandy sea shores are some skyscraper lodgings with a lot of dance club, bars, eateries and gambling clubs. There are puts in France which are as mainstream as Spanish Costas. One of the well known coastline territories in France is the spot called Cote dAzur which is popular for its retreat Nice. It is a capital of French Riviera arranged on the Mediterranean coast. As indicated by Williams and Le Nevez (2007) Nice is notable occasion goal on the Cote dAzur. Williams and Le Nevez (2007) also pointed that retreat pulls in guests to take a take pleasure in its wonderful sea shores and warm atmosphere. Voyagers appreciate eating at the cafés situated along the French coastline. Appealing fish and delightful wines can be appreciated at numerous coastline cafés in this Mediterranean city. Pleasant has something for everybody: a medieval old town and other amazing compositional landmarks; a wide choice of historical centers; loads of bars and cafés of all norm and type; the fine Mediterranean atmosphere; and obviously simple access to sea shores. Moreover, America is acclaimed for its sea shores as well. As per Fry (2008) places like Florida or California, or considerably further to Mexico, the Bahamas and the Caribbean are well known voyagers goals. As indicated by Fry (2008) Florida is notable for its well known Florida Keys and the retreat of Key Largo. The Keys are long, low islands at the south of Florida. This spot has numerous sea shores and blue waters that are well known with jumpers. The Keys are likewise renowned for swim with dolphins. Urban the travel industry Urban the travel industry is another sort of traveler goal. Holloway (2006) expressed that towns and urban communities draw in numerous visitors by developing enthusiasm for social exercises for instance visits to historical centers and workmanship displays, recreation exercises like shopping, and diversion to sports. There are various towns in France, Spain, USA and China which are acclaimed for its rich culture and legacy, heavenly food and planner shops. Holloway (2006) says that Paris in France, Madrid and Barcelona in Spain are well known goals where sightseers show up for city occasions. They consolidate all the elements for a decent remain: great inns and cafés, fine exhibition halls, exceptional design, celebrations and numerous wonderful eye-getting shops. As indicated by UNWTO (2008) Spain positioned on the third spot as far as appearances 57, 3% in 2008, with France kept on driving the positioning of the universes significant the travel industry goals regarding appearances 79, 3% in 2008. The French capital Paris has a notoriety for being an exceptionally beguiling and sentimental city with well known attractions, including the Eiffel Tower, the Louver gallery, Notre-Dame and Arc de Triomphe. As per Law (1996) there are around 800 celebrations held every year in France. The subject fluctuates, yet among notable is celebration identified with the film Cannes. Law (1996) expressed that engaging quality of the Paris is exceptional and a large number of sightseers come here to appreciate the exquisite excellence of the city, make the most of its rich cooking and positively elite shopping. Law (1996) additionally says that Barcelona is an exceptionally astonishing town as well, known for its rich culture, design and remarkable magnificence. On city break in Barcelona vacationers will appreciate historical centers, sculptures in the city, delectable Spanish food and well known boutiques. As indicated by Holloway (2006) urban areas like New York in USA and Shanghai in China are mainstream visitor goals for shopping. By UNWTO (2008) the USA is positioned second in appearances 58, 0% in 2008 and China clutched their 2007 situation as far as appearances and positioning fourth-53, 0% in 2008. For instance, as per Zhang et al. (2005) China is the universes production line where can be discovered pretty much anything. Chinas greatest city is Shanghai. Zhang et al. (2005) says that it has a status of cosmopolitan focal point of structure. Shanghai is an awesome shopping goal. Shopping here is straightforward and appropriate for all kind of sightseers. Shanghai has a scope of shops from side of the road and boutique shops to the bustling malls where various sorts of merchandise and garments can be purchased. Lastly, New York without a doubt has a great deal to offer to its guests. New York has numerous attractions, including the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, galleries and Central Park. And furthermore its notable for shopping. The Fifth Avenue offers a scope of trendy shops. Broadway offers diversion at night and the scope of nightlife. Provincial the travel industry What's more, the last sort of vacationer goal is open country. The blend of lakes and mountains draw in various markets. Recreation guests appreciate the view, while progressively dynamic visitor appreciates moving in summer, and do winter sports at different occasions. As per Andalucã ­a site (2009) Spanish wide open will allow to appreciate the quiet and quieting condition of antiquated towns. There is a huge assortment of housing like bungalows, farmhouses and chateaus. It will offer to guests an assortment of exercises like, strolling and trekking, horse riding, cycling and mountain bicycling, winged creature watching and outdoors. Andalucã ­a for instance is the best spot for outdoors, mountain bicycling and pony riding. It offers close to 12 months round daylight and wide regular habitat. French Alps on the opposite side are extremely well known to dynamic disapproved of sightseers like skiers and snowboarders. As indicated by Collins (2004) the Alps has in excess of 200 retreats and one of the well known is Chamonix. Chamonix is a high town which a best spot for ski darlings. Collins (2004) says that sky-scratching mountains, magnificent ice falls and ice sheets will make everyones venture essential.

Fast Foods Restaurants Example

Fast Foods Restaurants Example Fast Foods Restaurants â€" Essay Example > The paper “ Fast Foods Restaurants” is an exceptional example of an essay on family and consumer science. I occasionally go to eat at fast foods restaurants. I know that the food they serve in these places is the healthiest food for me or anyone, but it is relatively cheap and very practical. There is nothing wrong with eating at these places. The media in general has made it seem as if fast food restaurant such as McDonalds are evil places because of the fat content of their menu. They try to blame fast foods for America’ s obesity problem. In reality the problem comes when people make eating at fast foods a daily ritual. I understand that it is easier to simply go out to eat fast than cooking a home meal, but one must pay attention to our diet in order to stay in good shape. Along with the actual act of eating fast food restaurant serve another purpose in society. People often utilize fast foods as a way to share time with friends and family together. Sometimes due to our busy lifestyles we don’ t find the time to eat together in same table with your loved ones. As far as the fast food in the marketplace my favorite fast food restaurant is Taco Bell. I love their tacos and double deckers. Taco Bell is one of the cheapest of all food restaurants which offers a great variety of Mexican meals. The quality of their food is higher than other fast food restaurants. Fast food restaurant are good businesses that provide young people opportunities for employment. Another good thing about fast food restaurants is that a lot of them stay open until late and some are open 24 hours which allows people with odd working schedules a change to get bite to eat after work.

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An Overview Of The Scarlet Ibis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 391 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Scarlet Ibis Essay Did you like this example? The scarlet ibis is a story of a young man, who tells the story from the first-person point of view. The story is about him and his brother Doodle. Doodle was an invalid kid who was supposed to die at a very young age. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Overview Of The Scarlet Ibis" essay for you Create order The story is set up in North Carolina in the summer of 1918. Even though most of the story talks about the narrator and his brother it also talks about the narrator pride and how everyone had something to be proud of and he was Doodle The narrator knew from the beginning that his brother could not do what all normal kids could do. Doodle had a big impact in the narrator life from early on the story to the end of the story. Many people thought that the narrator was only impacted when Doodle past away but they are wrong the narrator was impacted from early on. Doodle impacted the narrator in many ways because doodle was disabled the narrator had to carry around with doodle meaning that the narrator spent a lot of time with doodle. One thing that impacted the narrator the most was him teaching doodle how to walk it made the narrator have pride but pride isnt always good. The biggest impact is when doodle dies the narrator feels that its his fault that doodle died which was true it was the narrators fault he left doodle back in the storm knowing that his brother could not survive that there impacted the narrator a lot it change him from what I can see. A good example is when he gets on his knees and starts to cry. Stories told in the first person are easy to identify. The narrator will call him/herself I or me. In The Scarlet Ibis the first-person narrator is known only as Brother. Brother is what his brother, Doodle, called him. The story is his memory of their time together. Brother is a central narrator because hes a main character in the story. Brother tells us what happened to himself and his brother. His actions play a major role in shaping the events of the story. Notice that we say Brother is the main character, not the main character. We think he and Doodle share the starring roles, but some readers feel strongly that Doodle steals the show.

Rates Of Medication Errors Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The purpose of the research, Rates of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort survey by Fahrenkopf, A M et Al. is clearly stated with clear background to the survey in the â€Å" Introduction † subdivision. The survey aimed â€Å" to find the prevalence of depression and burnout and whether a relation exists between these upsets and medicine mistakes † in pediatric occupants. We will write a custom essay sample on Rates Of Medication Errors Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although the rates of depression and burnt outs in occupants have been extensively studied but ne’er has these two factors been quantified consistently against medicine mistake rates hence doing this research an original piece of work. The writers did non declare any struggle of involvement that may bias their research methodological analysis or decisions. However, the rubric of the paper is misdirecting as it suggests that it applies to all occupants but the writers are merely concentrating on pediatric occupants. Furthermore hypothesis of this survey was non clearly presented. What did they make? This primary survey was carried out in the signifier of cohort survey dwelling of two control groups of non-depressed and non-burnt out pediatric occupants from three different infirmaries from mid-May through the terminal of June 2003. However, research workers did non clearly warrant why the survey was conducted merely in these â€Å" three urban freestanding kids ‘s infirmary † and why informations from intensive attention units or ambulatory scenes were non included in the survey. Furthermore, there was a four twelvemonth spread from the clip of research to that of printing this paper in 2008. The consequences derived may non to the full applicable as there may hold been alterations in the environment in which occupants are in which brings about a demand for new research to determine the findings. From the direction of namelessness and confidentiality of occupants ‘ individuality it can be seen that the writers had carried out the survey with strict control. Furthermore, medicine mistake informations extractors used were incognizant of the on-going survey which farther minimizes possible prejudice that may originate during the aggregation of mistakes. However, the writers besides informed the participants â€Å" the lone case in which confidentiality would be brokenaˆÂ ¦if they were an immediate danger to themselves or others – that is, showed self-destructive or murderous ideation † and this poses a possible prejudice where participants may under study if they were of all time in such a state of affairs. Although both the quantitative and qualitative tools used in the survey through the usage of well-established questionnaires matched the survey nonsubjective and was suited for the survey design, the executing of the questionnaires for depression and fire out, in my sentiment, could hold been done better with proper psychiatric rating to minimise any prejudice from the occupants as they may either under study or over report their ain status. The writers besides did non reference when these two questionnaires were completed, the frequence of which they were done by the occupants and how they eventually came to the figure of burned out or down occupants. What did they happen? The survey found that down occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes as opposed to their non-depressed equals while burnt out was found to hold no association with medicine mistake rates. Consequences are by and large clearly reported but with some ambiguity one of the tabular arraies ( Table 2 ) provided. The writer portrayed the informations collected in the signifier of two tabular arraies and to give a diagrammatic representation of their findings, the informations were so set in four saloon graphs showing per centum with P-value. However, information in Table 2 for â€Å" Entire mistakes per occupant, by class † was presented mistakenly as it included site 3 ‘s occupants under nothing mistakes when they did non hold the informations on medicine mistake linked to the participants for that site which may do misunderstanding to readers at first glimpse. The decisions derived can non be generalized to the whole pediatric occupant population even though consequences show that the survey population was valid to fulfill the aim of the survey. The sample size and scene are unequal to claim that the findings represent the whole of pediatric occupants because the survey was merely done in urban freestanding kids ‘s infirmaries and the figure of down occupants were excessively little ( n=24 ) doing the consequences and p-value statistically important but equivocal. Regardless, the research was carried out as intended and the purposes of the paper achieved. So what? Regardless of the statistical significance, the consequences are clinically of import as it highlights the significance of depression in relation to medication mistake rates which may finally take to patient safety concerns. Several reasonable and realistic suggestions for farther research were proposed but they were non elaborated in great inside informations. The writers stated that the more research is required to â€Å" specify better how depression and burnout affect occupants and patient attention in other fortes and to specify better the insouciant relation between depression and mistakes † The writers besides acknowledge their restrictions in great inside informations during in the â€Å" Discussion † session foregrounding that they were clearly cognizant of the jobs within the survey. The survey besides adds usefully to bing cognition as it is the first to quantify the effects of down occupants to the rate of medicine mistakes and had shown that down occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes. However, it should be noted that this survey may non generalizable as it is done merely in three urban free standing kids ‘s infirmary therefore it did non account for the discrepancy in work load in different fortes and vicinity. Bibliography Fahrenkopf, A M et Al. ( 2012 ) .A Ratess of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort study.Available: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bmj.com/content/336/7642/488. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Trisha Greenhalgh ( 2010 ) .A How to read a paper. 4th erectile dysfunction. Chichester: Wiley. p31-60. Part 2 A Report to the Minister of Health of Malaysia A survey on â€Å" Ratess of medicine mistakes among down and burnt out occupants: prospective cohort survey † by Fahrenkopf, A M et Al. A brief sum-up of the survey: This survey is carried in the United States by 9 research workers on 123 pediatric occupants across 3 kids ‘s infirmary to happen out if there is a relationship between depression and burnout to the rates of medicine mistakes. The writers identified down pediatric occupants are significantly more likely to do medicine mistakes whereas burnt out has no association to the rate of medicine mistakes. Key messages derived from the survey: High prevalence of burnt outs and depression among pediatric occupants The survey found that burnt out affected 75 % of the pediatric occupants and 20 % of the occupants were at high hazard for depression. Of the down occupants, an dismaying 96 % were besides burnt out. Depressed occupants made more than 6 times more medicine mistakes than their equals. Harmonizing to the survey, â€Å" Depressed occupants in pediatricss made more than six times the mistakes in medicine than their non-depressed co-workers † whereas burnt out had no association to the rates of medicine mistakes made. This calls for concern to patient safety as down occupants may potentially increase the figure of preventable patient mortality. Poor wellness and occupation public presentation evaluations Health and occupation public presentation evaluations conducted in the survey showed that both down and burnt out occupants scored significantly poorer. Depressed occupants were significantly more likely to describe their wellness as hapless, working in an impaired status more than twice in the old month and to describe hard concentrating at work. Burn out occupants on the other manus are significantly more likely to describe trouble concentrating on work and being worried that they are depressed. Sleep want may play a function in incidence of medical mistake Harmonizing to the survey, 47.2 % of all pediatric occupants studied reported to hold made â€Å" important † medical mistake due to kip want. This shows that the deficiency of slumber may impair the opinion of occupants and this call for concerns sing overworked occupants ‘ and their ability to supply quality attention for patients without compromising patient ‘s safety. Deductions of this survey: Bettering working conditions With about half the occupants describing that they had made important medical mistake due to kip want, the figure of work hours occupants are made to travel through at any point in clip should be reviewed to guarantee that occupants are able to supply quality attention at no via media to patient safety. As with the Health Facts 2012 released by the Ministry of Health, the current physician to patient ratio is now 1:791. A decrease in this ratio may help to distribute the work load more equally across the board which will take to a possible decrease in work hours and finally understating the degree of medical mistakes made due to kip want. Regular mental wellness showings for occupants With such a high prevalence in depression and fire out amongst occupants, regular mental wellness showing will assist guarantee that occupants who are confronting any signifier of upsets seek intervention early so as to cut down any possible side effects that may impact their ability to execute and at the same clip uphold patient safety so that medicine mistakes may be minimised to a lower limit. Further research on depression and fire out effects on occupants ‘ rate of medicine mistake in Malaya As the research was conducted in USA, the difference in vicinity and working environment could hold presented a different set of work stressors to the pediatric occupants at that place. A research conducted locally for the occupants in Malaysia will assist determine the effects of these upsets and besides assist place the cardinal countries for betterment to understate the incidence of preventable patient mortality caused by down or fire out occupants. How to cite Rates Of Medication Errors Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Social Policy on British Society

Question: Write an essay critically discusses the impact of social policy on British Society? Answer: Introduction The common problems faced by mature welfare states today are poverty, unemployment, increasing population and scarcity of resources. The main theme of social policy making in Britain is the provision of social welfare by the state (Arts Gelissen, 2002). Social policies can be defined as the programmes aimed at the enhancement of the well being and life of the individuals. In the current scenario, it is of utmost importance as it aims to uplift the status of the people and provide desirable way to the economy as a whole. Historical Influences The United Kingdom was once known as the Land of Rising Sun as it ruled more than half the World. Nevertheless, post the World War II slowly Britain started losing and freeing economies that proved that Britain had lost its Superpower status. The World War II had a major drill on the economy and the Labor Party had to impose severe restrictions to improve the financial health, as the Treasury was almost bankrupt. It took nearly a decade to return to the pre-world war prosperity levels. The first most important reform was the National Health Service in 1948 that aimed at providing free medical aid to everyone especially the poor and the nationalization of various industries. Over the years, Britain has continued to focus on the health, poverty, education and employment issues (Dean, 2006). The Beveridge Report was considered the Bible for Social welfare. The level of success and significance of this report is seen further. Socio-Political Influences Economic Climate Clement Attlee, the Labor Prime Minister was faced with the challenges of national planning for which reforms like more taxes for the rich, expansion of the welfare state, and providing free medical aid for everyone were the prime focus areas. The election of Winston Churchill ploughed back the faith in the institution of social welfare (Zeitlin et. al, 2005). The nation building process proved successful for a few years until Britain realized that it cannot afford to support such a massive population and so this led to colonization (Mau, 2003). Margaret Thatcher was the next most influential leader who introduced initiatives like deregulation, making labor markets accessible and flexible, privatization of state run and state owned enterprises, reducing the influence of the trade unions, so on and so forth. Thus, we can see how various rulers to ensure the public good at all times implement the social welfare policies (Dean, 2006). This reflects the importance of social policy and is evident that the policy was considered at all times. Right Left Ideologies The Right is supposed to be the Party of Order (Conservative Party or UKIP) and the Left is supposed to be the Party of Movement (Labor Party) with an aim to address the complex issues of social, economic and political dimensions. Left Wing is more progressive with laws on the good welfare system, healthier people and protection of women and minorities. The Right Wing believes in economic freedom, equality and survival of the fittest. Hence, a strong impact is by the right wing is seen (Kleinman, 2002). Consider the impact of Beveridge Report and its implications today On 1 December 1942, the Beveridge report was published by the Parliament and it stressed on the functioning of national insurance where flat rate was of main use, paid by the contributions of flat rate, would help during the time of old age, ill health and unemployment (Gallie Paugam, 2000). After 70 years it was seen that such factors were clearly spotted in the welfare state. The National Insurance is still entrusted with the task of entitlement to jobseeker allowance, support allowance, etc. (Ebbinghaus Mannow, 2001). Still such a happening is infused with complexity. The Basic State Pension (BSP), that is endowed with so many benefits and has taken a place of special importance for contribution has taken a universal role. BSP entitlements were set up by those who looked for the unemployed, the sick and those having a soft corner for children. In the current scenario, very little similarity is seen as compared to the system witnessed in the Beveridge Report. Till a certain extent, it can be remarked as the difference that exist between the scenario in which the report was made and the world in which we live in. the proposals were mainly for a country in which for the major extent the only lone parents were widows and the expectancy were lower as compared to the pension age. In the current scenario, UK is totally a different destination. In 1949 the percentage of working age men was 96% , but fallen to 76%, on the other hand working age women percentage has risen from 40% to 66%. When the reports were prepared, the report was lower than one in 20 births was married outside; and presently more than one in five children is brought up with a single parent. The life expectancy has enhanced from 63 in 1940 to 78 in 2010, on the other hand the male state age pension is the same provided in the Beveridges day. The variations in the employment, family composition, and longevity exposed the disadvantages of the report. A system related to the contributory mechanism cannot accommodate groups in seek of help, but apart from the contribution history like lone parents and the unemployment in the long-term (Eilperin Mufson, 2015). Challenges The history provides a strong statement that sheds light on the recognition of the welfare system to be adapted in a manner that adheres to the changes (Eilperin Mufson, 2015). The amounts paid to the social insurance framework are mostly looked upon as an additional tax burden. Even after 70 years of the Beveridge Report, there is a strong challenge for the government because big choices need to be fulfilled; that will enable strong cut to the budget of the security budget. Such decision needs to be implemented with long-term perspective and to enhance the system that can be affordable, as well as effective in nature. Factors influencing the Social Policies Social Policy makers are influenced by main factors, including the media, political ideologies, pressure groups culture, and the economy. Over years, the technological advancement has also led to better services and so the social policies are to be altered accordingly (Spicker, 2015). As the Beveridge Report failed due to the factors listed above. Illustration of Present day policies for Health: The Public expenditure on healthcare is close to 7.8% of the total Gross Domestic Product. According to the 2014 Report, the healthcare system of United Kingdom is placed first in terms of Quality of care, Efficiency, Equality and access to healthcare. The NHS provides the primary healthcare facilities whereas the hospitals provide specialized facilities (Spicker, 2015). NHS has also introduced Telephone advisory services for non-emergency medical aid, guidelines for best practices and cost control. This is of immense benefit to the citizens and helps to promote the economy. Conclusion The role of national government as well as EU in development of social policy is the major point of attraction. Colonization has been done and different polices has been framed by different countries, but the role of the European Union has been huge, It has contributed towards the welfare of all countries and this is highlighted by the similarity in the services, as well as facilities that are offered by the NHS and the comparative standards that are set by all the countries (Spicker, 2015). Majorly, the welfare of the European Union is taken into consideration and the polices are drafted keeping this viewpoint. References Arts, W. and Gelissen, J 2002, Three worlds of welfare capitalism or more? A state-of-the-art report, Journal of European Social Policy, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 137158. Dean, H 2006, Social Policy. Cambridge: Polity Press. Eilperin, Juliet, Mufson, Steven 2015, Obama calls for social policy changes in wake of Baltimore riots, The Washington Post. Ebbinghaus, B. and Manow, P 2001, Comparing welfare capitalism, London: Routledge. Gallie, D. and Paugam, S 2000, Welfare regimes and the experience of unemployment in Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kleinman, M 2002, A European Welfare State? European Union Social Policy in Context, Houndmills: Palgrave. Mau, S 2003, The Moral Economy of Welfare States. Britain and Germany compared, London: Routledge Spicker, Paul 2015, An introduction to Social Policy, viewed 26 January 2016, https://www.rgu.ac.uk/ Zeitlin, J., Pochet, P., Magnusson, L 2005, The Open Method of Coordination in Action: the European Employment and Social Inclusion Strategies, Brussels: Peter Lang.

Contrib.of paint. in Mid. Age Essay Example

Contrib.of paint. in Mid. Age Essay The development and contrubutions of painting in the Middle AgesCimabue, an Italian painter, was thefirst famous painter of the city of Florence.Cimabues painting of the Madonna Enthroned is painted in a traditional style based on the medieval art of the Byzantine Empire.His faces and figures are rendered stiffly, and placed vertically without size relationship to the figures around them.Cimabues works have great personal force and effect, even though the forms are traditional.Giotto was the most important painter of the 1300s.His paintings of the Madonna Enthroned was painted approximately twenty years after Cimabue and shows a slight contrast to the painters that came before him.Giotto painted the throne of the Madonna with open sides and showed two bearded men looking through the openings.In this way, he gave the feeling that the scene is not flat, but a sense of spacial depth and perspective.The angels gazes are more expressive and the Virgin resembles an actual woman.His realist ic style revolutionized painting in Italy and the natural figures in his works foreshadowed great changes in art.The Limbourg brothers were noted illuminated manuscript painters.Their most famous manuscript was a prayer book called Les Tres Riches Heures.In the vividly colored illuminations, beautiful lords and ladies amuse themselves while servants tend to the guests.These illustrations rise above all others of their time with intricately designed crowd scenes and exquisite detail.Hieronymus Bosch was a Dutch painter who is best known for his triptychs(three paneled paintings).Many of his paintings show landscapes full of distorted people, fantastic demons, and unidentifiable objects.Boschs largest and most complex work is a triptych called The Garden of Earthly Delights which displays three interrelated scenes organized around the creation, fall, and damnation of the human race.The left pa

Free Essays on Superpowers

It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world’s largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ‘five year plans’ to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt’s isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry’s capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to th... Free Essays on Superpowers Free Essays on Superpowers It is often wondered how the superpowers achieved their position of dominance. It seems that the maturing of the two superpowers, Russia and the United States, can be traced to World War II. To be a superpower, a nation needs to have a strong economy, an overpowering military, immense international political power and, related to this, a strong national ideology. It was this war, and its results, that caused each of these superpowers to experience such a preponderance of power. Before the war, both nations were fit to be described as great powers, but it would be erroneous to say that they were superpowers at that point. To understand how the second World War impacted these nations so greatly, we must examine the causes of the war. The United States gained its strength in world affairs from its status as an economic power. In the years before the war, America was the world’s largest producer. In the USSR at the same time, Stalin was implementing his ‘five year plans’ to modernise the Soviet economy. From these situations, similar foreign policies resulted from widely divergent origins. Roosevelt’s isolationism emerged from the wide and prevalent domestic desire to remain neutral in any international conflicts. It commonly widely believed that Americans entered the first World War simply in order to save industry’s capitalist investments in Europe. Whether this is the case or not, Roosevelt was forced to work with an inherently isolationist Congress, only expanding its horizons after the bombing of Pearl Harbour. He signed the Neutrality Act of 1935, making it illegal for the United States to ship arms to the belligerents of any conflict. The act also stated that belligerents could buy only non-armaments from the US, and even these were only to be bought with cash. In contrast, Stalin was by necessity interested in European affairs, but only to th...

Everyday Use Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Everyday Use - Research Paper Example The author influenced by various happenings in his/her lifetime as well as before his/her lifetime would come with works, completely basing on those events or just using it part of the work, fictionalizing the other parts. There have been many American writers who have created works on this basis with Alice Walker being one of the prominent ones. She came up with her short story, â€Å"Everyday Use† after being influenced by various events related to racism during her lifetime. Alice Walker was heavily influenced by the Black Power Movement and she brings out those influences in her work. â€Å"Walker’s short story â€Å"Everyday Use† contains several important parallels to the author’s own life. Born in 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, Walker grew up in an environment much like that described in the story† (Wilson). When doing so, various authors will incorporate various historical and cultural elements as part of the plot, and Walker did that in her wor k. So, this paper focusing on various historical themes and cultural symbols in Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† will compare it with other works including Walker’s Color Purple, Chinua Achebe’s â€Å"Dead Men’s Path† and Charlotte Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. 2. Themes and symbols in â€Å"Everyday Use† In â€Å"Everyday Use†, Mrs. Johnson or ‘Mama’ is the name of the mother while Dee and Maggie are the two daughters. 'Mama' introduces herself as "a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands". So, the Mama could be constructed as women with good physical strength. 'Mama' always exhibited a lot of care and responsibility to both her daughters and tried her best to give both of them a better life. As both the daughters were different in every aspect, all theirs friction were handled with care by her. Dee and Maggie are extremely contrasting both physically and mentally. The elder s ister, Dee is portrayed as a beautiful and successful, however at the same time an arrogant woman, who does not have any pride for her culture and heritage. On the other hand, Maggie is shown as a disfigured and lethargic, however at the same time a simple girl, who has a lot of pride in her heritage. "Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps a dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car, sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind to him? That is the way my Maggie walks" (Walker 25). Although both the girls had a different personality and different affiliation towards their culture, their relationship was a smooth affair, until the cultural symbol of quilts entered the picture. The mother, Mrs. Johnson and Maggie lead their lives following their culture to their heart, and without compromising on any of their cultural traditions. It is only the elder daughter, Dee in the family who has changed her lifestyle and distanced herself from her culture. The in fluence of modern living and deterioration of culture is evident when Dee arrives home with her boyfriend, Hakim-a-barber. Dee, who is going to a college outside her state in the North, surprises her mother and sister with her changed behavior. She, because of the influence of Black Power movement, changes her name to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo in an attempt to detach from her culture. Mrs. Johnson and Maggie felt very uncomfortable with the name change, attitude and actions of Dee. "When Dee and her friend use strange words to greet the mother and Maggie and when they announce their names†¦this is not the culture of the mother- nor perhaps of

Drive Me Real Crazy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drive Me Real Crazy - Essay Example It entices the mind to drive towards the desires of life. They entice the mind to break the rules and to seek adventure. Such adventure is fun and it yields ethereal and satisfying result. The promiscuity of the drunkard towards reckless acts is inevitable. It has engulfed the individual to a vortex of happiness that will be taken away in a few moments and replaced by nirvana: the everlasting happiness of death. O how I wish that humans learn to appreciate life. Yes, they do appreciate life. But are they spending it worthwhile? Or are they spending it sassy? Life is a commodity. It has a price to pay. There are risks and safety guidelines implemented to safeguard life. The sad thing is that they happily violate their very own lives. They drive their way to hell. Alcohol allures the individual. The allurement gives them a reason to try out death-enticing stunts. I hope it is death-defying. Practically speaking, driving under the enchantment of alcohol is death-defying. There is a desi re to drive along wildly. They defy death only to meet death. Now, that is really death-defying. They are digging up their own grave. The alcohol invokes the goodness of an individual. It makes them curse responsibly. They are real people; real fools. They hate the red light because they see that it is green. They are not colour blind; they are really blind. Even if they have four eyes to see things, they only recognize one thing when they drive under the influence of alcohol: journey to happiness. Such happiness is futile. It gives recourse that life is something worth wasting. They do not appreciate that life is a journey just like driving. Life’s possibilities are endless. However, the difference lies on how life ends when the spell of alcohol enters the mind. It enhances the consciousness. It invokes a deathly realization. It welcomes death. The bedazzling nature of alcohol gives drivers reason to defy. They accept the prescribed norms and initiates accordance to rules. T hey drive responsibly upon reaching their grave. It is too late for them to realize when they wake up inside their coffins; crying happily while reflecting their conditions. The question is, can they still reflect inside their graves or are they sleeping eternally? The question is obvious and the answer is very easy to find.  Ã‚  

Media Essays Media Representations Public

Media Essays Media Representations Public Media Representations Public Abstract The purpose of the study is to examine how mental illness and crime is currently represented in the UK media; to what extent, if any representations have changed over the past decade. Furthermore, the study will adopt the theory of social representations, given the theory’s useful theoretical perspective for the investigation of media representations. The study will be qualitative in nature, comprising of content analysis of UK tabloid and broadsheet newspaper articles. Content analysis is considered to be ‘one of the classical procedures for analysing textual material’ (Flick 1998:192), and is the only method for the analysis of textual material within the social sciences (Bauer (2000). Also, the study will try and discover whether media representations differed considerably in accordance with the type of newspaper and the political orientation of a particular newspaper. Introduction Previous research by the Department of Health found that media representations of mental illness have a negative effect on public perception (Rose, 1998). Another study by the Glasgow University media group, confirmed the belief that people who saw a strong link between mental illness and violence, derived their beliefs largely from the media (Philo, 1993). Although the relationship between the media and public attitudes are complicated, there is however evidence supporting the view that details of mental illness promote and reinforce negative public perceptions (Cutcliffe Hannigan, 2001). Negative representations and the effect that the media has had when dealing with mental illness according to Cutcliffe Hannigan, (2001) makes the point â€Å"that supervision registers, supervised discharge and the appearance of a generally more controlling mental health policy framework in the 1990s emerged, in part at least, as a result of media-fuelled moral panic†. This was as a result of the powerful media coverage of mental health issues relating to the death of Jonathan Zito at a London underground station and the horrific death of Ben Silcock by a lion at London zoo (Cutcliffe Hannigan, 2001). Meanwhile, according to (Cutcliffe Hannigan, 2001) â€Å"Despite the recent European Convention for Human Rights Act coming into force in October 2000, some developments in British mental health care appear to be moving away from the position that upholds, wherever possible, the individual’s personal freedom as sacrosanct, towards a position more concerned with minimizing risk to others†. This development is evident in the policies and legislations that have been introduced by the Labour government since their election in 1997 (Cutcliffe Hannigan, 2001). Over the past 30 years a substantial amount of research has been conducted to determine the effect of the media on the public’s belief system. If public perception of mental illness is based on negative and false images perpetuated by the media, there is a danger that government responses to systems and people in the mental health field will also be based on these false realities, rather than on the true needs and issues of people suffering from mental illness (Cutcliffe Hannigan, 2001; Rose, 1998). Media Representations of Mental Illness Promote False and Negative Images and Stereotypes According to Edney, (2004) â€Å"The media play an influential role in shaping people’s attitudes about the world they live in and about the individuals who inhabit the world with them. Stories about or references to people with mental health issues are rarely out of the headlines in news stories, yet research indicates that media portrayals of mental illness are often both false and negative†. Negative Images and Stereotypes in News Media Furthermore, Edney, (2004) a â€Å"1993 Glasgow University study that conducted a content analysis of 562 newspaper items containing representations of mental health and illness identified within local and national media over the course of one month. The study concluded that 62% of those stories focussed on violence towards others in relation to a person with mental illness. Stories that garner the most media attention appear to be those that make a link between mental illness, crime, and violence†. Violence and Criminality in News Media Meanwhile, Edney, (2004) â€Å"nearly two-thirds of all news stories examined involving those with psychiatric diagnoses could be classified as crime news. Yet, when news on the whole was examined, only 10% of stories were crime news, with the other 90% of stories revolving around issues unrelated to crime or violence, such as politics, entertainment and health. Thus it is not that news overall is dominated by stories about crime, but rather that news stories featuring people with mental health problems are overwhelmingly given this specific and negative focus. Negative Media Portrayals and public’s Negative Attitudes However, according to Edney, (2004) â€Å"The few acts of violence committed by people with mental illness are generally directed at family members, not strangers. Media depictions of persons with mental illness attacking a stranger shape public opinion. The saliency of such high-profile crimes, despite their infrequency, makes it appear as though violent crimes committed by individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis are common, and that the general public has reason to fear people with mental illness†. Furthermore, Edney, (2004) â€Å"the media’s representation of people with mental illness as violent, dangerous, and unpredictable has resulted in the mentally ill suffering societal scorn and discrimination. However, mistaken and negative depictions perpetrate the public’s damning image of people with mental illness and sustain continued intolerance oppression. Such erroneous and negative associations are woven so thoroughly into the fabric of the public consciousness that sensationalism need no longer occur for the public to equate mental illness with dangerousness.† Meanwhile, according to Anderson, (2003), â€Å"Media representations of mental illness can have a significant effect on public images of people who experience mental health problems. The implications for people living in the community are considerable, particularly when the media depict people suffering from a mental illness as being ‘dangerous’ and violent†. Throughout the 1990s, Anderson, (2003), â€Å"the media increased attention on issues surrounding governmental community care legislation and the discharge of people from institutional care. This resulted in a stream of news reports on homicides involving a person known to be suffering from a mental illness†. Furthermore, Anderson, (2003) says that â€Å"Newspapers in the UK have been one of the most powerful forms of media portraying such incidents. The case of Stephen Laudat, a person known to be suffering from schizophrenia, and who was convicted of killing Bryan Bennett, is identified as the ‘Killer who should not have gone to jail’ in an article attempting to illustrate the inadequacies of community care provision†. Another report by Anderson, (2003) â€Å"confronts the reader with ‘Mental patient Kills mother after quitting hospital’, which tells the tale of Gilbert Steckel, who was found to have killed a teacher and her two daughters soon after being discharged from a psychiatric hospital†. These events, along with the cases of Christopher Clunis and Jonathan Newby, show the failings of health policies and the health service (Anderson. 2003). An article in the ‘Independent’ announced ‘NHS accused over mentally ill killers (Anderson, 2003). Furthermore, according to Anderson, (2003), â€Å"During the last decade a number of studies and analytical papers attempted to demonstrate that negative reports in the press have contributed to the formation of negative public attitudes towards the mentally ill. Broadsheet and tabloid newspapers made a significant link between mental ill health, criminality and violence. Such stories were often given more exposure than positive articles. Social Representations Theory Given the amount of work carried out using social representation theory, I will concentrate on the aspects of the theory that are useful for media analysis. Social Representation theory provides a framework for the understanding of common-sense thinking, and does not privilege one particular form of research methodology, thus reducing the possibility of bias or error. For example, social representations that emerge as a result of content analysis of media texts do not change as a result of being investigated, albeit representations rely on the interpretation of the researcher, and therefore may contain a degree of bias. In contrast, information gathered from individuals may be open to change, since individuals may behave differently once they are aware of the nature of the investigation (Farr, 1993). Social Representations theory also guides methodology as well as being theoretical and in this regard any researcher working with social representations need to be aware of their own bias. Social representations theory was developed by Moscovici who defined social representations as a: system of values , ideas and practices with a twofold function; first to establish an order which will enable individuals to orient themselves in their material and social world and to master it; and secondly to enable communication to take place among the members of a community by providing them with a code for social exchange and a code for running and classifying unambiguously the various aspects of their world and their individual and group history (Moscovici 1973: viii) Therefore, social representations are a system of organised structures of meanings which is expressed through the medium of practice and talk. It provides a person with a framework to make sense of their social world, and their understanding is influenced by the meanings associated to them by society. One of the main principles of the theory is the process of making the unfamiliar familiar; which allows a person to make sense of events or something new which is unusual or interesting. The theory suggests that individuals develop further ideas as they do not like to live in a society that is strange or unfamiliar. According to Moscovici, (2000) when â€Å"otherness is thrust upon us in the form of something not quite as it should be we instinctively reject it, because it threatens the established social order†. Newspaper articles showing acts of violence or crime sometimes sees the perpetrator as having a history of mental illness, or psychological disorder, which would suggest that mental illness, was the direct cause of violence. So, to what extent can and should the mental health services protect the public against crime committed by mentally disordered offenders. According to Turner, (1996). Section 1 of The mental Health Act (1983) defines mental disorder as mental illness, arrested or incomplete development of mind, psychopathic disorder and any other disorder or disability of mind. Furthermore, the Act sets out four types of mental disorder, being severe mental impairment, mental impairment, psychopathic disorder and mental illness (Turner, 1996). Whilst the definitions are in fact legal constructs the type of mental disorder attributed to individuals is dependant on the clinical judgement of doctors and psychiatrists. Thus, detention under the Mental Health Act (1983) depends on the recommendations of two medical professionals, and should the type of mental disorder differ between the two judgements then the detention is invalid. Moreover, the 1983 Act states that individuals should not be deemed to have a mental disorder buy reason only of promiscuity or other immoral conduct, sexual deviancy or dependence on alcohol or drugs. In other words, behaviour that is not perceived to be within social norms is not a mental disorder. Whilst alcohol and drug abuse may cause mental disorder, and thus fall within the scope of the 1983 Act, in isolation they are not mental disorders. Consequently, discussions on the best means of disposal of mentally disordered offenders has been the subject of many government policy initiatives. In relation to DSPD offenders the Home Office/Department of Health (1999) policy proposals for Managing Dangerous People with Severe Personality Disorder identified the need to protect the public and to provide effective services for individuals suffering from DSPD. Personality Disorder describes a range of different conditions, from those individuals who pose some threat to themselves as well as to their families or friends to individuals who are severely disordered and pose a high risk to the public. This group of individuals is characterised as having DSPD, and it is estimated that over 2000 individuals within England and Wales suffer from this disorder. Current provisions of managing DSPD are problematic, since DSPD sufferers pose new challenges to the mental health services; the lack of knowledge about causes of the disorder and the nature of treatment of the disorder. Although individuals with DPSD may also suffer from mental disorder as well as a personality disorder, they are perceived as having different needs from most mentally ill patients and often undermine hospital regimes (Home Office/DOH, 1999). DSPD sufferers are less likely to receive consistent and long term treatment for their disorder, often treatment being a result of crisis intervention. Furthermore, involuntary admission to hospital for treatment of a psychopathic disorder is conditional on the basis that the individual will benefit from the treatment in hospital or prevent deterioration. In the case of DSPD sufferers, psychiatrists are less likely to recommend hospitalisation unless they also suffer from mental illness. However, the majority of DSPD sufferers are found within the prison system, where it is argued they pose equally challenging problems for prison staff. Those individuals who are categorised as being disruptive are held in Close Supervision Centres within the prison, whereby they are subject to high levels of supervision. On the other hand, whilst some individuals pose no management problems in prison they present a risk to the public on release. Furthermore, assessment of DSPD sufferers in prison by mental health services is not a matter of course, but rather a matter of chance. Some might question that this system is a breach f the duty of care on the part of both the criminal justice and mental health services to such individuals. Whilst the causes and possible interventions of the disorder are unclear it is hard to prove whether consistent and long term treatments have reduced the likelihood of re-offending, and the risk to the public. More resources needs to put in place in order to provide the care required by particular mentally disordered people, thus not assumimng that mentally disordered people are homogenous groups. Therefore, in this regard one would suggest that the mental health services should not only protect the public from the risk posed by DSPD individuals but also should protect the individual sufferers. Nevertheless, the duty of care is not only the responsibility of the mental health services. The Criminal justice system play an important role in the management of mentally disordered offenders. Diversion of mentally disordered offenders into psychiatric care can occur prior and during the process of criminal proceedings. Firstly, the police have the power under Section 36 of the Mental Health Act (1983) to take a person, they believe to be behaving in a disturbed manner in a public place, to a place of safety, such as hospital for assessment. This power is open to the police even if an offence has not been committed. The Crown prosecution service may also take into account the mental health of an offender when deciding whether a prosecution is in the public interest. The power of the courts range from remanding the the individual in hospital for assessment, imposing a hospital or restriction order or order the transfer of an individual already in prison into hospital care. However, Grounds, (1996) argued that the provisions of the mental health services in relation to mentally disordered individuals are not â€Å"as full or comprehensive as is required†. Facilities within secure hospitals have been seen to be too custodial and non-therapeutic. As a result the Special Hospitals Service Authority was established in 1989 to manage the special secure hospitals of Broadmoor, Rampton and ashworth Hospitals (Grounds, 1996). Furthermore, the Butler Committee interim report (1975) recommended increased provision for medium secure beds within regional health authorities. However, Grounds, (1996) argued that the target proposed by the Glancy committee of 1, 000 beds had not been met. According to the Department of Health and Home Office (1991) the number of secure in regional Secure units on 31 January 1991 was 597 (Grounds, 1996). In addition, the provision for secure wards providing intensive care was consistent in some areas minimal, and 1community based forensic psychiatry services were also poorly developed’ (Grounds, 1996:289). One of the principles of the Reed committee report (1990) was that all mentally disordered offenders who required care and treatment should receive it from the health and social services rather than the criminal justice system. In practice, this is not the case since the Courts can only issue Hospital orders if a hospital is willing to admit the patient. Thus, despite the fact that the Courts can impose hospital orders in the disposal of mentally disordered offenders whom they believe require treatment, the actual numbers issued are low in comparison to the number of mentally disordered offenders remanded in custody for assessment (Grounds, 1996). The report suggested that in planning services for the disposal of mentally disordered offenders care should be based on the following criteria: wherever possible community based rather than institutionally based care; the level of security should be in line with the level of danger the individual poses to both himself and others; the type of care should maximise the rehabilitation of offenders, and assist individual in sustaining amn independent life; and the location of treatment should wherever possible be as close to the individual’s own home and family. Although the Government White Paper, The Health of the Nation, (1992) set a health target for the effective service provision for mentally disordered offenders the resource provision is not expected to be high. Another problem is that of risk assessment. Risk is a probabilistic quantiative notion, since it predicts the probability of specified harm in a specified time period. Risk assessment can be both false positives, where an event will occur but does not occur or false negatives, namely that a prediction is made that an event will not occur but it does. The notion of dangerousness is in itself an an imprecise concept, one that is based on subjective judgement. Dangerousness is not a pathological attribute but depends on both the issue of context as well as individual characteristics. For example an individual who is characterised as being pathalogicallly jealous would not be a danger to the general public, but would pose a risk to a partner. The evidence highlights the fact that provisions within the mental health services of dealing with individuals who pose a high risk to the public are lacking. The detention of DSPD individuals in prisons without consistent and lonf=g term treatment plans is not only detrimental to the individual concerned but also increases the risk of re-offending as well as increasing possible risks to the public. Moreover, lack of adequate treatments and support systems for individuals increases public perceptions of the failure of the Community Care policy. Furthermore, whilst it is clear that some individuals pose a threat to the public as well as themselves, some might argue that the process of risk assessment needs to be rigorous. A greater understanding of the needs of |DSPD individuals across both the mental health services and criminal justice services is urgently required; hence the need for the agencies involved with mentally disordered people to collaborate. Furthermore, provided there are adequate provisions available the majority of individuals may not pose any real threat to public safety, and the belief that all mentally disordered individuals pose a threat to the public is grossly exaggerated.

History of Bangladesh

The  history of  Bangladesh  as a  nation state  began in 1971, when it seceded from  Pakistan. Prior to the creation of Pakistan in 1947, modern-day Bangladesh was part of  ancient,  classical,  medieval  and  colonial  India. The area's early history featured a succession of  Indian empires, internal squabbling, and a tussle between  Hinduism  and  Buddhism  for dominance. Islammade its first appearance between the 8th-10th centuries when Muslim missionaries arrived. Later, Muslim rulers reinforced the process of conversion by building  mosques,  madrassas  and Sufi  Khanqah.The borders of present-day Bangladesh were established with the  partition of Bengal  and  India  in 1947, when the region became  East Pakistan, part of the newly formed  Islamic State  of  Pakistan. However, it was separated from the  western wing  by 1,600  km (994  mi) of Indian territory. Due to political exclusion, ethnic and linguistic dis crimination, as well as economic neglect by the politically dominant West Pakistan, popular agitation led by  Sheikh Mujibur Rahman grew against  West Pakistan, resulting in the  Bangladesh Liberation War  of 1971, which the  Bengali people  won with the support of India.After independence, the new state endured  famine,  natural disasters  and  widespread poverty, as well as political turmoil and  military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress. The Bengali Language Movement The  Bengali Language Movement, also known as the  Language Movement  Bhasha Andolon, was a political effort in  Bangladesh  (then known as  East Pakistan), advocating the recognition of the  Bengali language  as an  official language  of  Pakistan. Such recognition would allow Bengali to be used in government affairs.When the state of Pakistan was  formed  in 1947, its two regions, East Pakistan (also called  East Bengal) and  West Pakistan, were split along cultural, geographical, and linguistic lines. In 1948, the  Government of Pakistan  ordained  Urdu  as the sole national language, sparking extensive protests among the Bengali-speaking majority of East Pakistan. Facing rising sectarian tensions and mass discontent with the new law, the government outlawed public meetings and rallies. The students of the  University of Dhaka  and other political activists defied the law and organised a protest on 21 February 1952.The movement reached its climax when police killed student demonstrators on that day. The deaths provoked widespread civil unrest led by the  Awami Muslim League, later renamed the  Awami League. After years of conflict, the central government relented and granted official status to the Bengali language in 1956. In 2000,  UNESCO  declared 21 February  International Mother Language Day  for the whole world to celebrate,[7]  in tribute to the Language Movement and the ethno-linguistic rights of people around the world.The Language Movement catalysed the assertion of Bengali national identity in Pakistan, and became a forerunner to Bengali nationalist movements, including the  6-point movement  and subsequently the  Bangladesh Liberation War  in 1971. In Bangladesh, 21 February is observed asLanguage Movement Day, a national holiday. The  Shaheed Minar  monument was constructed near Dhaka Medical College in memory of the movement and its victims. ———————– The  History of  Bangladesh

Dependency Theory

What is Dependence Theory? Dependency theory is a theory of how developing and developed nations interact. It can be seen as an opposition theory to the popular free market theory of interaction. Dependency theory was first formulated in the 1950s, drawing on a Marxian analysis of the global economy, and as a direct challenge to the free market economic policies of the post-War era. The free market ideology holds, at its most basic, that open markets and free trade benefit developing nations, helping them eventually to join the global economy as equal players. The belief is that although some of the methods of market liberalization and opening may be painful for a time, in the long run they help to firmly establish the economy and make the nation Dependency theory, in contrast, holds that there are a small number of established nations that are continually fed by developing nations; at the expense of the developing nations’ own health. These developing nations are essentially acting as colonial dependencies, sending their wealth to the developed nations with minimal compensation. In dependency theory, the developed nations actively keep developing nations in a subservient position, often through economic force by instituting sanctions, or by proscribing free trade policies attached to loans granted by the World Bank or International Monetary Fund. The critiques of dependency theory can be leveled within a nation as well as internationally. In fact, dependency theory tends to trace its roots to back before the emergence of modern post-colonialism. On an internal level, dependency theory can be seen applying to regions within a country. In the United States, for example, historically the industrial Northeast can be seen drawing wealth from the agricultural south in a pattern reflected in the modern world by the industrial northern hemisphere and the productive southern hemisphere. Dependency theory also posits that the degree of dependency increases as time goes on. Wealthy countries are able to use their wealth to further influence developing nations into adopting policies that increase the wealth of the wealthy nations, even at their own expense. At the same time, they are able to protect themselves from being turned on by the developing nations, making their system more and more secure as time passes. Capital continues to migrate from the developing nations to the developed nations, causing the developing nations to experience a lack of wealth, which forces them to take out larger loans from the developed nations, further indebting them. The Relevance of Dependency Theory in the Caribbean Dependency Theory is relevant to the Caribbean region because it act as a helping hand, which aid with the Caribbean being developed. It encourages trade, exports and tourism, which is a major form of economic growth. The Caribbean can only produce so much for itself; we have to be dependent on other countries to get resources that are absent from within the Caribbean region. The product varies, as sugar from Cuba and Guyana, bauxite in Jamaica and Guyana, petroleum in Trinidad and Tobago and in the Netherlands Antilles, bananas in St. Lucia, Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent, Guadeloupe and Martinique and coffee in Haiti. Dependency Theory in the Caribbean region has prospered by means of export of the resource-based products. The Caribbean regions are at a disadvantage but given this, one can seek maximum advantage. Nevertheless given the bad experience of the colonial period most countries turned to some kind of planning, involving and export substitution and export diversification. Assets were created from as early as the colonial period. Tourism is one of the main foreign exchange earners for most of the regions economies. Some implications on how developing countries can alleviate the effects of the world system are by: OPromotion of domestic industry and manufactured goods. By imposing subsidies to protect domestic industries, poor countries can be enabled to sell their own products rather than simply exporting raw materials. OImport limitations, by limiting the importation of luxury goods and manufactured goods that can be produced within the country, the country can reduce its loss of capital and resources. OForbidding foreign investment, some governments took steps to keep foreign companies and individuals from owing or operating property that draws on the resources of the country. ONationalization, some governments have forcibly taken over foreign-owned companies on behalf of the state, in order to keep profits within the country. Dependency Theory and its place in the Global Economy Dependency Theory sees the global economy as characterized by a structured relationship between the cores states which, using political military and economic power to extract a surplus from the peripheral countries. Any attempt by the dependent nations to resist the influences of dependency often result in economic sanctions. Dependency Theory in its various forms has advanced the proposition that development and underdevelopment are opposite faces of the same coin, â€Å"or reciprocal conditions of a global system of capital accumulation. Economic vulnerability and dependency are other dimensions that are derived from the relatively high degree of financial dependency of most government in the region. The Caribbean countries face several challenges arising out of structural shifts in the world economy. The main disadvantages are represented by certain primary products exports, preferential arrangements and environmental vulnerability. Dependency Theory Bedouins and the Dependency Theory. Theories of globalization fall into three categories; Modernization, dependency and the world systems theory. These theories each sprout out into more categories and they distinguish what or how a country or society has developed into. The modernization theory focuses on the culture and belief systems that are powered by globalization. This theory then takes off into five more stages known as the traditional stage, culture-change stage, take-off stage, self-sustained stage, and high economy stage.These stages mainly focus on a few things such as tradition, culture, economy, advancement of education and technology, and also ones that produce the exported goods for other countries to import. Although some theories are open to change that is done gradually, some refuse to change and just stay the same without and further advancement. Although these theories are what distinguish a country and where it lays on the scale, it still does not mean it cannot further itself into something better throughout the world.Anthropologist Donald Cole researched on the Bedouins who are groups of nomadic pastoralists. Al Murrah is the people Cole focused on, they are a small society that resided in the heart of the desert in the country of Saudi Arabia. They were based on caravan trade with relied on the care of camels and other animals. The Al Murrah society was a society based off itself, and other small societies around the desert. They relied on the commodities with oasis centres for dates, rice and bread. They had a military force and also raided others and committed warfare.The rich and powerful Saudi government then recruited Al Murrah males into the national guards work and then the leader of the Al Murrah, as known as the Emir, was recognized as the commander in chief of the small tribes for the national guards. The Saudis would then pay these commanders salary wages which they then would distribute to other tribes people. This then left the Al Murrah people dependent on the Saudi government. This type of works would be considered under the dependency theory. The modern state of Saudi Arabia has token its time by exploiting the small tribe of the Al Murrah by having them work for the National Guard for wages.Saudi government took control over these people by having them always wanting more money and so they would recruit more and more emirs into the National Guard which thus left the Bedouins to be integrated into the nation states throughout the Arabian Peninsula. The dependency theory applies to the Bedouins because it is a larger group exploiting the smaller group into helping them. Although their lifestyles are different, they still accepted the change and still went on with it and now have discontinued existing in the deserts of Saudi Arabia.

Hesitation, Repression, and Indecisiveness in the Love...

Impotent, pathetic, inadequate, timid. Everyone knows a J. Alfred Prufrock, and everyone has a bit of him in himself or herself. Just like Prufrock we readers have been witness to the pretentious triviality of others, the women who come and go/ Talking of Michelangelo (lines 13-14), and the lack of confidence which prevents the realization of desires. Eliots careful choice of epigraph from Dantes Inferno reverberates throughout this poem as the logic behind Prufrock sharing his feelings with his listener. Just as Guido da Montefeltro is certain his listener shares a similar fate as himself, so to does Prufrock believe that his listener is like himself, and will never turn back and descend the stair (line 39). Prufrocks†¦show more content†¦Death also signifies Prufrocks lack of social contact and sexual stimulation. The word etherized not only means to numb, but is also suggestive of the word ethereal. Prufrocks repressed desire can be seen in his frustration with the realit y of social/emotional interaction and also with the ethereal, inexpressible inner desire of his heart, not just to ask an overwhelming question, but further, to say exactly what he means as in line 104. Unable to force the moment to its crisis leaves Prufrock emotionally impotent. Unlike Marvell and his coy mistress Prufrock does not have all the time in the world to malinger, stretched on the floor. Trivializing his message of desire, as in the rhyme of lines 79-80 or referring to himself as John the Baptist only further hinders the expression of his desire. And we can only imagine in Eliots use of religious images in which Prufrock wept and fasted, wept and prayed that Prufrock is fervently hoping for the self-confidence to express his desires. Yet after the social banter/conventions of the cups, the marmalade, the tea, the porcelain and some talk of you and me Prufrock is still unable to seize the moment, to turn desire into action. Presuming that Prufrock is largely reflecting on these issues himself rather than to another listener one notices that he is unable to even mention his desires to himself, so deeply